Actor diversity (News Performance)

Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses actor diversity are theoretically linked to news performance and the democratic media function integration (Imhof, 2010). This construct is related normative assumption that content should represent society as a whole thus cover large variety societal groups (Boydstun et al., 2014). More recent studies also focus on influence algorithms (Möller 2018). often carried out in three steps. First, all actors (inductively or deductively) identified. Second, coded according predefined lists. Third, level determined using indices (van Cuilenburg, 2007). Diversity calculated at article (internal diversity) organizational (external compare between articles single outlet different outlets. References/combination with other methods data collection: Studies use both manual automated analysis investigate occurrence texts. They inductive deductive approaches and/or combination identify categories extend lists Hoof Example studies: Masini al. (2018); Humprecht & Esser (2018) Table 1. Summary Author(s) Sample Unit Analysis Values Reliability Content type: about immigration Outlet/ country: 2 outlets four countries (BE, DE, IT, UK) Sampling period: January 2013 April 2014 size: N=2490) analysis: No. coded: max. 10 quoted paraphrased per Level measure: Simpson’s index National politics, international public opinion ordinary people, immigrants, civil society, agencies/ organizations, judiciary/police/military, religion, business/corporate/finance, journalists/ celebrities, traffickers/smugglers Krippendorff’s alpha average ?0.78 Political routine-period 48 online from six (CH, FR, UK, US) June – July 2012 N= 1660 items (make reference political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution headline, sub?headline, first paragraph an accompanying visual) News journalistic mentioned front page (‘first layer’ website) actual story (on second layer Max. 5 main (mentioned twice) item measured relative entropy Executive (head state national government), legislative (national parliament parties), judicial courts judges), administration (prosecution, regional government authority, police army), foreign politicians (foreign heads politicians), organizations (supranational organizations) Cohen’s kappa ?0.76 References Boydstun, A. E., Bevan, S., Thomas, H. F. (2014). The importance attention how measure it. Policy Journal, 42(2), 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12055 Humprecht, Esser, (2018). Online News: On ownership types system types. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1825–1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1308229 Imhof, K. (2010). Die Qualität der Medien Demokratie. In fög Forschungsbereich Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.), Jahrbuch 2010: (pp. 11–20). Schwabe. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97101-2_1 Masini, A., Van Aelst, P., Zerback, T., Reinemann, C., Mancini, Mazzoni, M., Damiani, Coen, S. Measuring Explaining Voices Viewpoints A comparative study determinants news. 19(15), 2324–2343. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1343650 Möller, J., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., van Es, B. Do not blame it algorithm: empirical assessment multiple recommender systems their impact diversity. Information Communication Society, 21(7), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076 J. (2007). Media Diversity, Competition Concentration: Concepts Theories. E. de Bens Between Culture Commerce 25–54). Intellect. Hoof, Jacobi, Ruigrok, Atteveldt, W. Diverse diverse coverage? longitudinal Dutch during two decades election campaigns. European Journal Communication, 29(6), 668–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114545712